碳達(dá)峰碳中和背景下推進(jìn)供熱低碳轉(zhuǎn)型的路徑思考

摘要：推進(jìn)供熱低碳轉(zhuǎn)型既與民生改善密切相關(guān)，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和目標(biāo)的重要領(lǐng)域。該文分析了我國建筑供熱現(xiàn)狀，判斷供熱需求趨勢，并介紹了供熱先進(jìn)技術(shù)，提出我國建筑供熱低碳轉(zhuǎn)型的實(shí)施路徑和政策建議。本文認(rèn)為我國北方城鄉(xiāng)供暖用能需求將逐漸進(jìn)入峰值期，但南方家庭供暖需求和居民生活熱水用能需求還將大幅增長。針對(duì)不同氣候區(qū)和建筑類型的供暖需求特點(diǎn)，應(yīng)采取不同的低碳供熱路徑，北方城鎮(zhèn)建筑供暖應(yīng)充分利用好既有的集中供熱管網(wǎng)資源，著力優(yōu)化熱源結(jié)構(gòu)；北方農(nóng)戶繼續(xù)推行清潔取暖，開展散煤替代；南方家庭優(yōu)先發(fā)展分戶供熱，鼓勵(lì)以電代氣。建議應(yīng)把供熱低碳轉(zhuǎn)型納入構(gòu)建以新能源為主體的新型能源系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)籌考慮，出臺(tái)支持政策發(fā)展可再生能源供熱，調(diào)整天然氣價(jià)格、供熱計(jì)量等政策，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)技術(shù)研發(fā)示范，鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新供熱應(yīng)用模式。

 

關(guān)鍵詞：碳達(dá)峰、碳中和；供熱；低碳轉(zhuǎn)型；路徑

 

Abstract: The low carbon transformation in heating area is an important field to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality strategy in China, which is closely related to people's livelihood improvement. In this paper, the current situation of heating in building sector in China has been analyzed, and the trend of the heating demand has been judged too. Meanwhile, this paper introduces some advanced heating technologies, and puts forward the pathways for heating to low carbon transformation and several policy suggestions. This point regarding the trend of heating demand in building sector in China is that, the energy consumption for space heating demand in north China is gradually increased to near peak, but energy consumption demand for space heating and residents' hot water in south China would increase sharply. The pathways for low carbon transformation in heating area should be different based on the different heating demand characteristics. For urban areas in the north, we should make full use of existing central heating pipelines resources and focus on heat source structure optimization. For rural areas in the north, continue to carry out the bulk coal substitute. Families in the South give priority to household heating and encourage electricity instead of gas. This paper suggests that the low carbon transformation in heating area should be considered as a part of whole to the new energy system strategy in China, and develop renewable energy heating, adjust the current policies of price of natural gas and heat metering, in addition to strengthen technology research and development, encourage innovation of heating application mode.

 

Key words: Carbon Peak & Carbon Neutrality; Heating; Low Carbon Transformation; Pathways

 

     推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)供熱領(lǐng)域低碳轉(zhuǎn)型，既與改善民生密切相關(guān)，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和目標(biāo)需要關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域。目前，我國北方城鎮(zhèn)建筑是以燃煤熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)為主的大中型集中供熱系統(tǒng)，作為主要供熱方式，以保障冬季室溫最低溫度達(dá)標(biāo)為供熱目標(biāo)，以單一種類能源、大管網(wǎng)、大型熱力站及供熱系統(tǒng)大調(diào)度為主要特征，傳統(tǒng)供熱系統(tǒng)存在化石能源熱源占比高、管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)規(guī)模大、熱力平衡調(diào)節(jié)困難、存在過量供熱等問題。隨著城鎮(zhèn)化率提升，北方城鎮(zhèn)供熱面積還將進(jìn)一步增長。與此同時(shí)，大量南方家庭取暖的需求潛力正在快速釋放。在碳達(dá)峰、碳中和的大背景下，供熱需求“存量”的低碳轉(zhuǎn)型和“增量”的低碳供熱任重道遠(yuǎn)，必須創(chuàng)新供熱方式，優(yōu)化熱源結(jié)構(gòu)，全面提升供熱系統(tǒng)技術(shù)與裝備水平，加快推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)供熱行業(yè)向現(xiàn)代供熱的轉(zhuǎn)變，構(gòu)建安全、低碳、清潔、高效、智慧、經(jīng)濟(jì)的供熱系統(tǒng)。 本文@內(nèi)/容/來/自:中-國-碳^排-放-交易&*網(wǎng)-tan pai fang . com